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Studies on Anti-HIV Activity and Cytotoxicity of Indian Noni Juice

Periyasamy Selvam*, Narayanan Murugesh,² Myriam Witvrouw³

 ¹Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil, 626 190, India

²Institute of Pharmacology, Madurai Medical College , Mudurai-625 020, India

³Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universitiet-Leuven and IRC KULAK,

Kapucijnenvoer33, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders , Belgium .                                  

Morinda citrifolia (MC) have been studied for antiviral activity against replication of HIV-1 (IIIB) in MT-4 cells. Morinda citrifolia exhibited a maximum protection of 18 percent against HIV-1 (IIIB) strains and displayed marked cytostatic activity in MT-4 cells (C-type Adult T cell leukemia cells) with CC50=0.1930 μ.g/ml.

Keywords : Morinda citrifolia, Anti-HIV activity, MT-4 Cells, Cytostatic

INTRODUCTION
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a life threatening and debilitating disease state caused by retrovirus infection, and the etiologic agent is now widely known as the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Many compounds of plant origin have been identified that inhibit different stages in the replication cycle of HIV (Wu PL., et al 2004; Sanchez PS et al., 2001; Shahidul AM et al., 2000, Hu K et al., 2000). The present study is designed to find the antiviral activity of Morinda citrifolia (WT) against replication of HIV-1 (IIIB) in MT-4 cells.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Extraction. Morinda citrifolia were collected (Noni Research Foundation, Chennai). Anti HIV Assay. Morinda citrifolia were tested for their inhibitory effects against replication of HIV-1 (IIIB) in MT-4 cells (Pauwels, R et al 1988). The MT-4 cells were grown and maintained in RPMI 1640 DM Medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) heat-inactivated Fetal Calf Serum (FCS), 2 mM-glutamine, 0.1% Sodium bicarbonate and 20μg/ml gentamicin (culture medium). Inhibitory effect of Morinda citrifolia on HIV-1 replications was monitored by inhibition of virus-inducted cytopathic effect in MT-4 cells and were estimated by MTT assay. Briefly, 50 μl of HIV-1 (IIIB) (100-300 CCID50) were added to a flat-bottomed microtiter tray with 50 μl of medium containing various concentrations of Morinda citrifolia. MT-4 cells were added at a final concentration of 6 x 105 cells/ml. After 5 days of incubation at 37°C, the number of viable cells were determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dipheny1 tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Cytotoxicity of Morinda citrifolia against mock-infected MT-4 cells was also assessed by the MTT method. The anti-HIV activity and cytotxicity data of Morinda citrifolia are presented in Table 1. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Morinda citrifolia has been evaluated for its anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity (Table 1 against HIV-1(IIIB) replication in acutely infected MT-4 cells. Morinda citrifolia exhibited a maximum protection of 18 against HIV-1 (IIIB) strains in acutely infected MT-4 cells Morinda citrifolia displayed marked cytostatic activity against MT-4 cells (Adult T Cell leukemia) with CC50=0.1930 μg/ml.

REFERENCES
Hu K, Kobayashi H, Dong A, Iwasaki S, Yao X. 2000 Antifungal, antimitotic and anti-HIV-1 agents from the roots of Wikstroemia indica. Planta Med. 66:564-7.
Pauwels R, Balzarini J. Baba M, Snoeck R, Schols D, Herdewijn P, Desmyter J, De Clercq E. 1988. Rapid and automated tetrazolium-based colorimeteric assay for detection of antiHIV compounds J. Virol. Methods. 20:309-321.
Sanchez Palomino S, Abad MJ, Bedoya LM, Garcia J, Gonzales E, Chiriboga X, Bermejo P, Alcami J. 2001. Isolation of an anti-HIV diprenylated bibenzyl from Glycyrrhiza lepidota Photochemistry. 58:153-7
Shahidul Alam M, Quader MA, Rashid MA. 2000 HIV-inhibitory diterpenoid from Anisomeles indica. Fito terapia, 71:574-6.

Wu PL, Lin FW, Wu TS, Kuoh CS, Lee KH, Lee SJ. 2004.Cytotoxic and anti-HIV principles from the rhizomes of Begonia nantoensis. Chem Pharm Bull, 52:345-9.

Table –1 Anti-HIV Activity and Cytotoxicity of Morinda citrifolia

  EC₅₀, EC₉₀ and CC₅₀ value are expressed in μg/ml

Noni Clinical Research Program –NCRP

Chairperson: Dr.Satish Kumar
secretary: Dr.Ramesh Babu

Team members of NCRP

1. Dr.Murugesh

2. Dr.Rangadhar Satapthy

3. Dr.Bhuta

Objectives:
NCRP located in high tech city of Hydrabad, Andhra Pradesh, NCRP dedicated

1. To make Noni to be as the 1st choice of all Physicians as the supportive and nutritional therapy to build a healthy world 
   

2. to establish Noni’s therapeutic action in various Obstinate disease,
   

3. to make the people aware about its nutritional role in both disease and health. 
   

4. To create health education campaigns in rural areas for purpose of creating awareness of know how for Noni s miracles on human body.
   

5. To promote the Morinda L. species in health regenerative system through clinical studies and biotechnological research.

All the above members are also the founder trustees of the foundation